Gauss (unit): Difference between revisions
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In [[physics]], '''gauss''' (symbol G) is the unit of strength of [[magnetic flux density]] '''B''' (also known as magnetic induction). The gauss belongs to the [[Gaussian | In [[physics]], '''gauss''' (symbol '''G''') is the unit of strength of [[magnetic flux density]] |'''B'''| (also known as magnetic induction). The gauss belongs to the [[Gaussian units|Gaussian]] and emu (electromagnetic) systems of units, which are cgs (centimeter-gram-second) systems. The unit is related to the [[SI]] unit [[tesla (unit)|tesla]] (T) as follows. | ||
: 1 G ≡ 1 Mx/cm<sup>2</sup> = 10<sup>−4</sup> T, | |||
where Mx (maxwell) is the Gaussian unit for magnetic flux. | |||
The gauss is defined through an electromotive force <math> | The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]. | ||
==Definition== | |||
The gauss is defined through an electromotive force <math>\mathcal{E}</math> induced by a change in magnetic field '''B'''. For constant surface ''S'' and uniform rate of decrease of |'''B'''|, [[Faraday's law (electromagnetism)|Faraday's law]] takes the simple form | |||
:<math> | :<math> | ||
|\mathbf{B}| = \frac{\Phi}{S} = - \frac{t\,\mathcal{E}}{S} | |\mathbf{B}| = \frac{\Phi}{S} = - \frac{t\,\mathcal{E}}{S} , | ||
</math> | </math> | ||
where Φ is the [[magnetic flux]] passing through ''S'' and uniform rate of decrease means linearity in time: | |||
<math> | |||
\Phi = - t \mathcal{E}. | |||
</math> | |||
Hence, gauss is equal to maxwell per unit surface, where [[maxwell (unit)|maxwell]] (symbol Mx) is the Gaussian unit for Φ, and |'''B'''| is a flux density. | |||
In Gaussian units ''S'' is in cm<sup>2</sup>, time ''t'' in [[second|s]], <math> \mathcal{E}</math> in [[abvolt|abV]] ( = 10<sup>−8</sup> [[volt]]), |'''B'''| in G, and Φ in Mx: | |||
: 1 G = 1 Mx/cm<sup>2</sup> = 1 abV•s/cm<sup>2</sup> | |||
==Related unit== | |||
* The [[oersted]] is the Gaussian unit of strength of a [[magnetic field]] |'''H'''|. The oersted is defined by means of an electric current giving the field '''H'''. | |||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
Revision as of 15:51, 31 October 2021
In physics, gauss (symbol G) is the unit of strength of magnetic flux density |B| (also known as magnetic induction). The gauss belongs to the Gaussian and emu (electromagnetic) systems of units, which are cgs (centimeter-gram-second) systems. The unit is related to the SI unit tesla (T) as follows.
- 1 G ≡ 1 Mx/cm2 = 10−4 T,
where Mx (maxwell) is the Gaussian unit for magnetic flux.
The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Definition
The gauss is defined through an electromotive force induced by a change in magnetic field B. For constant surface S and uniform rate of decrease of |B|, Faraday's law takes the simple form
where Φ is the magnetic flux passing through S and uniform rate of decrease means linearity in time: Hence, gauss is equal to maxwell per unit surface, where maxwell (symbol Mx) is the Gaussian unit for Φ, and |B| is a flux density.
In Gaussian units S is in cm2, time t in s, in abV ( = 10−8 volt), |B| in G, and Φ in Mx:
- 1 G = 1 Mx/cm2 = 1 abV•s/cm2
Related unit
- The oersted is the Gaussian unit of strength of a magnetic field |H|. The oersted is defined by means of an electric current giving the field H.