30th United States Congress: Difference between revisions

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(New page: thumb|right|275px|United States Capitol {{TOC-right}} The '''Thirtieth United States Congress''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the [[United Stat...)
 
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[[Image: USCapitol1846.jpg|thumb|right|275px|United States Capitol]]
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{{Image| USCapitol1846.jpg|right|275px|United States Capitol}}
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The '''Thirtieth United States Congress''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the [[United States]] federal government, consisting of the [[United States Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives]]. It met in [[Washington, D.C.]] from March 4, 1847 to March 3, 1849, during the last two years of the administration of [[President of the United States| U.S. President]] [[James K. Polk]].  
The '''Thirtieth United States [[U.S. Congress|Congress]]''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the [[United States of America]] federal government, consisting of the [[United States Senate]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives]]. It met in [[Washington, D.C.]] from March 4, 1847 to March 3, 1849, during the last two years of the administration of [[President of the United States of America| U.S. President]] [[James K. Polk]].  


The apportionment of seats in this [[United States House of Representatives| House of Representatives]] was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a [[Democratic Party (United States)| Democratic]] majority, and the House had a [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] majority.
The apportionment of seats in this [[U.S. House of Representatives| House of Representatives]] was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a [[Democratic Party (United States)| Democratic]] majority, and the House had a [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] majority.


===Dates of sessions===
===Dates of sessions===
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===Party summary===
===Party summary===
[[Wisconsin]] was newly admitted to the Union and first represented as a state in this Congress.
[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]] was newly admitted to the Union and first represented as a state in this Congress.


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
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:'''Senate'''
:'''Senate'''
*[[Vice President of the United States]] ''(President of the Senate)'':
*[[Vice President of the United States]] ''(President of the Senate)'':
** [[George M. Dallas]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)| Democratic]]'' of [[Pennsylvania]]
** [[George M. Dallas]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)| Democratic]]'' of [[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]
*[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate| President ''pro tempore'' of the Senate]]:
*[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate| President ''pro tempore'' of the Senate]]:
** [[David Rice Atchison| David R. Atchison]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]'' of [[Missouri]], elected February 2, 1848.
** [[David Rice Atchison| David R. Atchison]], ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]'' of [[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]], elected February 2, 1848.
:'''House of Representatives'''
:'''House of Representatives'''
*[[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives| Speaker of the House]]
*[[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives| Speaker of the House]]
** [[Robert Charles Winthrop| Robert C. Winthrop]], ''[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]'' of [[Massachusetts]], elected December 6, 1847.
** [[Robert Charles Winthrop| Robert C. Winthrop]], ''[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]'' of [[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]], elected December 6, 1847.
|}
|}


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===Major legislation===
===Major legislation===
List of United States federal legislation in the 30th Congress
List of United States federal legislation in the 30th Congress
*May 29, 1848 -- [[Wisconsin]] was admitted as a state into the Union.
*May 29, 1848 -- [[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]] was admitted as a state into the Union.
*August 14, 1848 -- [[Oregon Territory]] was formed from territory ceded by [[Great Britain]] and others.
*August 14, 1848 -- [[Oregon Territory]] was formed from territory ceded by [[Great Britain]] and others.
*March 3, 1849 -- [[Gold Coinage Act]].
*March 3, 1849 -- [[Gold Coinage Act]].
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*3: [[James Westcott|James D. Westcott, Jr.]] (1802-1880), ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]''   
*3: [[James Westcott|James D. Westcott, Jr.]] (1802-1880), ''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]''   
:'''House of Representatives'''  ''(1 seat)''     
:'''House of Representatives'''  ''(1 seat)''     
*{{ushr|Florida|AL|A/L: [[Edward Carrington Cabell|Edward C. Cabell]] (1816-1896), ''[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]''
*A/L: [[Edward Carrington Cabell|Edward C. Cabell]] (1816-1896), ''[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]''
   
 
==== Georgia====
==== Georgia====
:'''Senate'''     
:'''Senate'''     
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|       
|       
:'''A-F'''     
:'''A-F'''     
* [[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Chester Ashley]], ''[[Arkansas]]''
* [[Chester Ashley]], ''[[Arkansas (U.S. state)]]''
* [[David Rice Atchison|David R. Atchison]], ''[[Missouri]]''   
* [[David Rice Atchison|David R. Atchison]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Charles G. Atherton]], ''[[New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Charles G. Atherton]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Arthur P. Bagby]], ''[[Alabama]]''
* [[Arthur P. Bagby]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''
* [[Thomas Hart Benton (senator)|Thomas H. Benton]], ''[[Missouri]]''   
* [[Thomas Hart Benton (senator)|Thomas H. Benton]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Solon Borland]], ''[[Arkansas]]''  
* [[Solon Borland]], ''[[Arkansas (U.S. state)]]''  
* [[James W. Bradbury]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[James W. Bradbury]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Sidney Breese]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[Sidney Breese]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Jesse D. Bright]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[Jesse D. Bright]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Andrew Butler|Andrew P. Butler]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[Andrew Butler|Andrew P. Butler]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[John C. Calhoun]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[John C. Calhoun]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[Simon Cameron]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Simon Cameron]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Lewis Cass]], ''[[Michigan]]''
* [[Lewis Cass]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''
* [[Walter T. Colquitt]], ''[[Georgia]]''
* [[Walter T. Colquitt]], ''[[Georgia]]''
* [[Jefferson Davis]], ''[[Mississippi]]''  
* [[Jefferson Davis]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''  
* [[Daniel S. Dickinson]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Daniel S. Dickinson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[John Adams Dix|John A. Dix]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[John Adams Dix|John A. Dix]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Augustus C. Dodge]], ''[[Iowa]]''  
* [[Augustus C. Dodge]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''  
* [[Henry Dodge]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''  
* [[Henry Dodge]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''  
* [[Stephen A. Douglas]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[Stephen A. Douglas]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Solomon W. Downs]], ''[[Louisiana]]''   
* [[Solomon W. Downs]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[John Fairfield]], ''[[Maine]]''
* [[John Fairfield]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''
* [[Alpheus Felch]], ''[[Michigan]]''   
* [[Alpheus Felch]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''   
* [[Thomas Fitzgerald (American politician)|Thomas Fitzgerald]], ''[[Michigan]]''
* [[Thomas Fitzgerald (American politician)|Thomas Fitzgerald]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''
* [[Benjamin Fitzpatrick]], ''[[Alabama]]''  
* [[Benjamin Fitzpatrick]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''  
* [[Henry S. Foote]], ''[[Mississippi]]''   
* [[Henry S. Foote]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
|
|
:'''G-L'''     
:'''G-L'''     
* [[Hannibal Hamlin]], ''[[Maine]]''  
* [[Hannibal Hamlin]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''  
* [[Edward A. Hannegan]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[Edward A. Hannegan]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Sam Houston|Samuel Houston]], ''[[Texas]]''   
* [[Sam Houston|Samuel Houston]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
* [[Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter|Robert M. T. Hunter]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter|Robert M. T. Hunter]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Herschel Vespasian Johnson|Herschel V. Johnson]], ''[[Georgia]]''
* [[Herschel Vespasian Johnson|Herschel V. Johnson]], ''[[Georgia]]''
* [[George W. Jones]], ''[[Iowa]]''
* [[George W. Jones]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''
* [[William R. King|William R. D. King]], ''[[Alabama]]''  
* [[William R. King|William R. D. King]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''  
* [[David Levy Yulee]], ''[[Florida]]''   
* [[David Levy Yulee]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[Dixon Hall Lewis|Dixon H. Lewis]], ''[[Alabama]]''  
* [[Dixon Hall Lewis|Dixon H. Lewis]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''  
:'''M-R'''     
:'''M-R'''     
* [[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Wyman B. S. Moor]], ''[[Maine]]''  
* [[Wyman B. S. Moor]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''  
* [[John Milton Niles|John M. Niles]], ''[[Connecticut]]''   
* [[John Milton Niles|John M. Niles]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''   
* [[Thomas Jefferson Rusk|Thomas J. Rusk]], ''[[Texas]]''   
* [[Thomas Jefferson Rusk|Thomas J. Rusk]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
|
|
:'''S-Z'''     
:'''S-Z'''     
* [[William King Sebastian|William K. Sebastian]], ''[[Arkansas]]''
* [[William King Sebastian|William K. Sebastian]], ''[[Arkansas (U.S. state)]]''
* [[Ambrose Hundley Sevier|Ambrose H. Sevier]], ''[[Arkansas]]''  
* [[Ambrose Hundley Sevier|Ambrose H. Sevier]], ''[[Arkansas (U.S. state)]]''  
* [[Jesse Speight]], ''[[Mississippi]]''
* [[Jesse Speight]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''
* [[Daniel Sturgeon]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Daniel Sturgeon]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Hopkins L. Turney]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[Hopkins L. Turney]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Isaac P. Walker]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''
* [[Isaac P. Walker]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''
* [[James Westcott|James D. Westcott, Jr.]], ''[[Florida]]''   
* [[James Westcott|James D. Westcott, Jr.]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[David Levy Yulee]], ''[[Florida]]''   
* [[David Levy Yulee]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
|}
|}
      
      
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|- valign=top   
|- valign=top   
|     
|     
:'''A-F'''     
:'''A-F'''     
   
   
* [[George Edmund Badger|George E. Badger]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[George Edmund Badger|George E. Badger]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Roger Sherman Baldwin|Roger S. Baldwin]], ''[[Connecticut]]''  
* [[Roger Sherman Baldwin|Roger S. Baldwin]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''  
* [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]], ''[[Tennessee]]''  
* [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''  
* [[John M. Berrien|John Mcpherson Berrien]], ''[[Georgia]]''  
* [[John M. Berrien|John Mcpherson Berrien]], ''[[Georgia]]''  
* [[John Hopkins Clarke|John H. Clarke]], ''[[Rhode Island]]''   
* [[John Hopkins Clarke|John H. Clarke]], ''[[Rhode Island (U.S. state)|Rhode Island]]''   
* [[John M. Clayton]], ''[[Delaware]]''  
* [[John M. Clayton]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''  
* [[Thomas Corwin]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Thomas Corwin]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[John J. Crittenden]], ''[[Kentucky]]''  
* [[John J. Crittenden]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''  
* [[John Davis (Massachusetts Governor)|John Davis]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[John Davis (Massachusetts Governor)|John Davis]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[John Davis (Massachusetts Governor)|John Davis]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[John Davis (Massachusetts Governor)|John Davis]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[William L. Dayton]], ''[[New Jersey]]''   
* [[William L. Dayton]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
|
|
:'''G-R'''     
:'''G-R'''     
* [[Albert C. Greene]], ''[[Rhode Island]]''   
* [[Albert C. Greene]], ''[[Rhode Island (U.S. state)|Rhode Island]]''   
* [[Jabez W. Huntington]], ''[[Connecticut]]''  
* [[Jabez W. Huntington]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''  
* [[Henry Johnson (Louisiana)|Henry Johnson]], ''[[Louisiana]]''   
* [[Henry Johnson (Louisiana)|Henry Johnson]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[Reverdy Johnson]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[Reverdy Johnson]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Willie Person Mangum|Willie P. Mangum]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[Willie Person Mangum|Willie P. Mangum]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Thomas Metcalfe (US politician)|Thomas Metcalfe]], ''[[Kentucky]]''
* [[Thomas Metcalfe (US politician)|Thomas Metcalfe]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''
* [[Jacob W. Miller]], ''[[New Jersey]]''   
* [[Jacob W. Miller]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[James Pearce|James A. Pearce]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[James Pearce|James A. Pearce]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Samuel S. Phelps]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[Samuel S. Phelps]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
|
|
:'''S-Z'''     
:'''S-Z'''     
* [[Presley Spruance]], ''[[Delaware]]''   
* [[Presley Spruance]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''   
* [[Joseph R. Underwood]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Joseph R. Underwood]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[William Upham]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[William Upham]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[John Wales]], ''[[Delaware]]''
* [[John Wales]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''
* [[Daniel Webster]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Daniel Webster]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
|}
|}


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|- valign=top   
|- valign=top   
|       
|       
* [[John P. Hale]], ''[[New Hampshire]]''   
* [[John P. Hale]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
|}
|}


====House of Representatives====
====House of Representatives====
Members of the [[United States House of Representatives| House of Representatives]] were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.
Members of the [[U.S. House of Representatives| House of Representatives]] were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.


====[[Democratic Party (United States)| Democratic]]====     
====[[Democratic Party (United States)| Democratic]]====     
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|       
|       
:'''A-B-C'''     
:'''A-B-C'''     
* [[Archibald Atkinson]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Archibald Atkinson]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Thomas H. Bayly]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Thomas H. Bayly]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Richard L. T. Beale|Richard Lee T. Beale]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Richard L. T. Beale|Richard Lee T. Beale]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Henry Bedinger]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Henry Bedinger]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Kinsley S. Bingham]], ''[[Michigan]]''   
* [[Kinsley S. Bingham]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''   
* [[Ausburn Birdsall]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Ausburn Birdsall]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[James A. Black]], ''[[South Carolina]]''  
* [[James A. Black]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''  
* [[Thomas S. Bocock]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Thomas S. Bocock]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Franklin Welsh Bowdon|Franklin W. Bowdon]], ''[[Alabama]]''   
* [[Franklin Welsh Bowdon|Franklin W. Bowdon]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[James B. Bowlin]], ''[[Missouri]]''   
* [[James B. Bowlin]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Linn Boyd]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Linn Boyd]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Edward Bradley (politician)|Edward Bradley]], ''[[Michigan]]''  
* [[Edward Bradley (politician)|Edward Bradley]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''  
* [[Samuel Augustus Bridges|Samuel A. Bridges]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''
* [[Samuel Augustus Bridges|Samuel A. Bridges]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''
* [[Richard Brodhead]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Richard Brodhead]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Albert G. Brown]], ''[[Mississippi]]''   
* [[Albert G. Brown]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
* [[Charles Brown (congressman)|Charles Brown]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Charles Brown (congressman)|Charles Brown]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[William G. Brown, Sr.]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[William G. Brown, Sr.]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Armistead Burt]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[Armistead Burt]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[Charles W. Cathcart]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[Charles W. Cathcart]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Lucien Bonaparte Chase|Lucien B. Chase]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[Lucien Bonaparte Chase|Lucien B. Chase]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Asa Clapp|Asa W. H. Clapp]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[Asa Clapp|Asa W. H. Clapp]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Franklin Clark]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[Franklin Clark]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Beverly L. Clarke]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Beverly L. Clarke]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Howell Cobb]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Howell Cobb]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb|Williamson R. W. Cobb]], ''[[Alabama]]''   
* [[Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb|Williamson R. W. Cobb]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William Collins (representative)|William Collins]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[William Collins (representative)|William Collins]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[John D. Cummins]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[John D. Cummins]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
:'''D-E-F'''     
:'''D-E-F'''     
* [[John Reeves Jones Daniel|John R. J. Daniel]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[John Reeves Jones Daniel|John R. J. Daniel]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Mason Cook Darling|Mason C. Darling]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Mason Cook Darling|Mason C. Darling]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''   
* [[Rodolphus Dickinson]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Rodolphus Dickinson]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[George Dromgoole|George C. Dromgoole]], ''[[Virginia]]''  
* [[George Dromgoole|George C. Dromgoole]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''  
* [[Joseph E. Edsall]], ''[[New Jersey]]''   
* [[Joseph E. Edsall]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[James J. Faran]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[James J. Faran]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Winfield S. Featherston]], ''[[Mississippi]]''   
* [[Winfield S. Featherston]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
* [[Orlando B. Ficklin]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[Orlando B. Ficklin]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Richard French]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Richard French]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[George Fries]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[George Fries]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
|
|
:'''G-H-I'''     
:'''G-H-I'''     
* [[James S. Green]], ''[[Missouri]]''   
* [[James S. Green]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Willard Preble Hall|Willard P. Hall]], ''[[Missouri]]''   
* [[Willard Preble Hall|Willard P. Hall]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[David Hammons (Maine)|David Hammons]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[David Hammons (Maine)|David Hammons]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Hugh A. Haralson]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Hugh A. Haralson]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[John H. Harmanson]], ''[[Louisiana]]''   
* [[John H. Harmanson]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[Sampson Willis Harris|Sampson W. Harris]], ''[[Alabama]]''   
* [[Sampson Willis Harris|Sampson W. Harris]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Thomas J. Henley]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[Thomas J. Henley]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Hugh Lawson White Hill|Hugh L. W. Hill]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[Hugh Lawson White Hill|Hugh L. W. Hill]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Isaac E. Holmes]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[Isaac E. Holmes]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[George S. Houston]], ''[[Alabama]]''   
* [[George S. Houston]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Samuel Williams Inge|Samuel W. Inge]], ''[[Alabama]]''   
* [[Samuel Williams Inge|Samuel W. Inge]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Charles Jared Ingersoll|Charles J. Ingersoll]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Charles Jared Ingersoll|Charles J. Ingersoll]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Alfred Iverson, Sr.]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Alfred Iverson, Sr.]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
:'''J-K-L'''     
:'''J-K-L'''     
* [[David S. Jackson]], ''[[New York]]''  
* [[David S. Jackson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''  
* [[John Jameson]], ''[[Missouri]]''   
* [[John Jameson]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Timothy Jenkins]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Timothy Jenkins]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Andrew Johnson]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[Andrew Johnson]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[James Hutchins Johnson|James H. Johnson]], ''[[New Hampshire]]''   
* [[James Hutchins Johnson|James H. Johnson]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Robert Ward Johnson|Robert W. Johnson]], ''[[Arkansas]]''   
* [[Robert Ward Johnson|Robert W. Johnson]], ''[[Arkansas (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)|George W. Jones]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)|George W. Jones]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[David S. Kaufman]], ''[[Texas]]''   
* [[David S. Kaufman]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
* [[William Kennon, Jr.]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[William Kennon, Jr.]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Emile La Sére]], ''[[Louisiana]]''   
* [[Emile La Sére]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[Samuel Lahm]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Samuel Lahm]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Sidney Lawrence]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Sidney Lawrence]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Shepherd Leffler]], ''[[Iowa]]''   
* [[Shepherd Leffler]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''   
* [[Thomas Watkins Ligon|Thomas W. Ligon]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[Thomas Watkins Ligon|Thomas W. Ligon]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Frederick W. Lord]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Frederick W. Lord]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[John Henry Lumpkin|John H. Lumpkin]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[John Henry Lumpkin|John H. Lumpkin]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[William Pitt Lynde|William P. Lynde]], ''[[Wisconsin]]''   
* [[William Pitt Lynde|William P. Lynde]], ''[[Wisconsin (U.S. state)|Wisconsin]]''   
:'''M-N-O'''     
:'''M-N-O'''     
* [[William B. Maclay]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[William B. Maclay]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Job Mann]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Job Mann]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Robert McClelland (American politician)|Robert McClelland]], ''[[Michigan]]''   
* [[Robert McClelland (American politician)|Robert McClelland]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''   
* [[John Alexander McClernand|John A. McClernand]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[John Alexander McClernand|John A. McClernand]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[James McDowell]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[James McDowell]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[James Iver McKay|James I. McKay]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[James Iver McKay|James I. McKay]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Robert Milligan McLane|Robert M. McLane]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[Robert Milligan McLane|Robert M. McLane]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[John McQueen]], ''[[South Carolina]]''  
* [[John McQueen]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''  
* [[Richard K. Meade]], ''[[Virginia]]''  
* [[Richard K. Meade]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''  
* [[John K. Miller]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[John K. Miller]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Jonathan D. Morris]], ''[[Ohio]]''  
* [[Jonathan D. Morris]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''  
* [[Isaac Edward Morse|Isaac E. Morse]], ''[[Louisiana]]''   
* [[Isaac Edward Morse|Isaac E. Morse]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[Henry Cruse Murphy|Henry C. Murphy]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Henry Cruse Murphy|Henry C. Murphy]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Henry Nicoll]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Henry Nicoll]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
|
|
:'''P-Q-R'''     
:'''P-Q-R'''     
* [[Charles H. Peaslee]], ''[[New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Charles H. Peaslee]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Lucius B. Peck]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[Lucius B. Peck]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[John Pettit]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[John Pettit]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Samuel Peyton|Samuel O. Peyton]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Samuel Peyton|Samuel O. Peyton]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[John S. Phelps]], ''[[Missouri]]''   
* [[John S. Phelps]], ''[[Missouri (U.S. state)|Missouri]]''   
* [[Timothy Pilsbury]], ''[[Texas]]''   
* [[Timothy Pilsbury]], ''[[Texas (U.S. state)|Texas]]''   
* [[Robert Rhett|R. Barnwell Rhett]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[Robert Rhett|R. Barnwell Rhett]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[William Alexander Richardson|William A. Richardson]], ''[[Illinois]]''  
* [[William Alexander Richardson|William A. Richardson]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''  
* [[Thomas Ritchey]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Thomas Ritchey]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[John L. Robinson]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[John L. Robinson]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[William Rockhill]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[William Rockhill]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
:'''S-T-U-V'''     
:'''S-T-U-V'''     
* [[William Sawyer (representative)|William Sawyer]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[William Sawyer (representative)|William Sawyer]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Richard F. Simpson]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[Richard F. Simpson]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[Alexander D. Sims]], ''[[South Carolina]]''  
* [[Alexander D. Sims]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''  
* [[Ephraim K. Smart]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[Ephraim K. Smart]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Robert Barnwell Smith|Robert B. Smith]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[Robert Barnwell Smith|Robert B. Smith]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
* [[Frederick Perry Stanton|Frederick P. Stanton]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[Frederick Perry Stanton|Frederick P. Stanton]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[George A. Starkweather]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[George A. Starkweather]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[William Strong (judge)|William Strong]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[William Strong (judge)|William Strong]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Charles E. Stuart]], ''[[Michigan]]''  
* [[Charles E. Stuart]], ''[[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]''  
* [[James Houston Thomas|James H. Thomas]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[James Houston Thomas|James H. Thomas]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Jacob Thompson]], ''[[Mississippi]]''   
* [[Jacob Thompson]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
* [[James Thompson (jurist)|James Thompson]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[James Thompson (jurist)|James Thompson]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Robert A. Thompson]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Robert A. Thompson]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[William Thompson (Iowa)|William Thompson]], ''[[Iowa]]''   
* [[William Thompson (Iowa)|William Thompson]], ''[[Iowa (U.S. state)|Iowa]]''   
* [[Benjamin B. Thurston]], ''[[Rhode Island]]''   
* [[Benjamin B. Thurston]], ''[[Rhode Island (U.S. state)|Rhode Island]]''   
* [[Thomas J. Turner]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[Thomas J. Turner]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Abraham Watkins Venable|Abraham W. Venable]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[Abraham Watkins Venable|Abraham W. Venable]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
:'''W-X-Y-Z'''     
:'''W-X-Y-Z'''     
* [[Daniel Wallace (Congressman)|Daniel Wallace]], ''[[South Carolina]]''  
* [[Daniel Wallace (Congressman)|Daniel Wallace]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''  
* [[John Wentworth (mayor)|John Wentworth]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[John Wentworth (mayor)|John Wentworth]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William W. Wick]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[William W. Wick]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[James S. Wiley]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[James S. Wiley]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Hezekiah Williams]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[Hezekiah Williams]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[David Wilmot]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[David Wilmot]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Joseph A. Woodward]], ''[[South Carolina]]''   
* [[Joseph A. Woodward]], ''[[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]''   
|}
|}
      
      
Line 1,216: Line 1,217:
|       
|       
:'''A-B-C'''     
:'''A-B-C'''     
* [[Amos Abbott]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Amos Abbott]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Green Adams]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Green Adams]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[John Quincy Adams]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''  
* [[John Quincy Adams]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''  
* [[George Ashmun]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[George Ashmun]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Daniel Moreau Barringer|Daniel M. Barringer]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[Daniel Moreau Barringer|Daniel M. Barringer]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Washington Barrow]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[Washington Barrow]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Hiram Belcher]], ''[[Maine]]''   
* [[Hiram Belcher]], ''[[Maine (U.S. state)|Maine]]''   
* [[Esbon Blackmar]], ''[[New York]]''  
* [[Esbon Blackmar]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''  
* [[John Blanchard (Pennsylvania)|John Blanchard]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Blanchard (Pennsylvania)|John Blanchard]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Botts|John M. Botts]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[John Botts|John M. Botts]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Nathaniel Boyden]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[Nathaniel Boyden]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Jasper Ewing Brady|Jasper E. Brady]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Jasper Ewing Brady|Jasper E. Brady]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Aylette Buckner]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Aylette Buckner]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Chester Pierce Butler|Chester P. Butler]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Chester Pierce Butler|Chester P. Butler]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Edward Carrington Cabell|Edward C. Cabell]], ''[[Florida]]''   
* [[Edward Carrington Cabell|Edward C. Cabell]], ''[[Florida (U.S. state)|Florida]]''   
* [[Richard S. Canby]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Richard S. Canby]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[John Grant Chapman|John G. Chapman]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[John Grant Chapman|John G. Chapman]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Thomas Lanier Clingman|Thomas L. Clingman]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[Thomas Lanier Clingman|Thomas L. Clingman]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William Michael Cocke|William M. Cocke]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[William Michael Cocke|William M. Cocke]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Jacob Collamer]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[Jacob Collamer]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[Harmon S. Conger]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Harmon S. Conger]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Robert B. Cranston]], ''[[Rhode Island]]''   
* [[Robert B. Cranston]], ''[[Rhode Island (U.S. state)|Rhode Island]]''   
* [[John W. Crisfield]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[John W. Crisfield]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[John Crowell (Ohio)|John Crowell]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[John Crowell (Ohio)|John Crowell]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[John Hervey Crozier|John H. Crozier]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[John Hervey Crozier|John H. Crozier]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
:'''D-E-F'''     
:'''D-E-F'''     
* [[John Dickey]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Dickey]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[James Dixon]], ''[[Connecticut]]''   
* [[James Dixon]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''   
* [[Richard Spaight Donnell|Richard S. Donnell]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[Richard Spaight Donnell|Richard S. Donnell]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[William Duer (1805-1879)|William Duer]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[William Duer (1805-1879)|William Duer]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Daniel Duncan]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Daniel Duncan]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Garnett Duncan|W. Garnett Duncan]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Garnett Duncan|W. Garnett Duncan]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[George G. Dunn]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[George G. Dunn]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[George Nicholas Eckert|George N. Eckert]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[George Nicholas Eckert|George N. Eckert]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Thomas O. Edwards]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Thomas O. Edwards]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Elisha Embree]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[Elisha Embree]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Alexander Evans]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[Alexander Evans]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Nathan Evans (representative)|Nathan Evans]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Nathan Evans (representative)|Nathan Evans]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[John Wilson Farrelly|John W. Farrelly]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Wilson Farrelly|John W. Farrelly]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[David Fisher (congressman)|David Fisher]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[David Fisher (congressman)|David Fisher]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Thomas S. Flournoy]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Thomas S. Flournoy]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[John Freedley]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Freedley]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Andrew S. Fulton]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[Andrew S. Fulton]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
|
|
:'''G-H-I'''     
:'''G-H-I'''     
* [[John P. Gaines]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[John P. Gaines]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[John Gayle (Alabama)|John Gayle]], ''[[Alabama]]''   
* [[John Gayle (Alabama)|John Gayle]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Meredith Poindexter Gentry|Meredith P. Gentry]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[Meredith Poindexter Gentry|Meredith P. Gentry]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[Joshua Reed Giddings|Joshua R. Giddings]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Joshua Reed Giddings|Joshua R. Giddings]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[William L. Goggin]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[William L. Goggin]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Daniel Gott]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Daniel Gott]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Horace Greeley]], ''[[New York]]''  
* [[Horace Greeley]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''  
* [[Dudley S. Gregory]], ''[[New Jersey]]''   
* [[Dudley S. Gregory]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[Joseph Grinnell (politician)|Joseph Grinnell]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Joseph Grinnell (politician)|Joseph Grinnell]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Artemas Hale]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Artemas Hale]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Nathan K. Hall]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Nathan K. Hall]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[James G. Hampton]], ''[[New Jersey]]''   
* [[James G. Hampton]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[Moses Hampton]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Moses Hampton]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[William T. Haskell]], ''[[Tennessee]]''   
* [[William T. Haskell]], ''[[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]''   
* [[William Henry (congressman)|William Henry]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[William Henry (congressman)|William Henry]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[Henry W. Hilliard]], ''[[Alabama]]''   
* [[Henry W. Hilliard]], ''[[Alabama (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[John M. Holley]], ''[[New York]]''  
* [[John M. Holley]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''  
* [[Elias B. Holmes]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Elias B. Holmes]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[John Westbrook Hornbeck|John W. Hornbeck]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''  
* [[John Westbrook Hornbeck|John W. Hornbeck]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''  
* [[John W. Houston]], ''[[Delaware]]''   
* [[John W. Houston]], ''[[Delaware (U.S. state)|Delaware]]''   
* [[Samuel Dickinson Hubbard|Samuel D. Hubbard]], ''[[Connecticut]]''   
* [[Samuel Dickinson Hubbard|Samuel D. Hubbard]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''   
* [[Charles Hudson (Massachusetts)|Charles Hudson]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Charles Hudson (Massachusetts)|Charles Hudson]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Washington Hunt]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Washington Hunt]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
:'''J-K-L'''     
:'''J-K-L'''     
* [[Joseph Reed Ingersoll|Joseph R. Ingersoll]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Joseph Reed Ingersoll|Joseph R. Ingersoll]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Alexander Irvin]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Alexander Irvin]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John William Jones|John W. Jones]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[John William Jones|John W. Jones]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Orlando Kellogg]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Orlando Kellogg]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Daniel P. King]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Daniel P. King]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Thomas Butler King|Thomas B. King]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Thomas Butler King|Thomas B. King]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[William T. Lawrence]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[William T. Lawrence]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Abraham Lincoln]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[Abraham Lincoln]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
:'''M-N-O'''     
:'''M-N-O'''     
* [[Horace Mann]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''  
* [[Horace Mann]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''  
* [[George Perkins Marsh|George P. Marsh]], ''[[Vermont]]''   
* [[George Perkins Marsh|George P. Marsh]], ''[[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]]''   
* [[Dudley Marvin]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Dudley Marvin]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Abraham Robinson McIlvaine|Abraham R. McIlvaine]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Abraham Robinson McIlvaine|Abraham R. McIlvaine]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Charles S. Morehead]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[Charles S. Morehead]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Joseph Mullin]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Joseph Mullin]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[William Nelson (congressman)|William Nelson]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[William Nelson (congressman)|William Nelson]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Henry Nes]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Henry Nes]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[William A. Newell]], ''[[New Jersey]]''   
* [[William A. Newell]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[David Outlaw]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[David Outlaw]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
|
|
:'''P-Q-R'''     
:'''P-Q-R'''     
* [[John G. Palfrey]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[John G. Palfrey]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[John Pendleton|John S. Pendleton]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[John Pendleton|John S. Pendleton]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[James Pollock]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[James Pollock]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[William Ballard Preston|William B. Preston]], ''[[Virginia]]''   
* [[William Ballard Preston|William B. Preston]], ''[[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]''   
* [[Harvey Putnam]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Harvey Putnam]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Gideon Reynolds]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Gideon Reynolds]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[John A. Rockwell]], ''[[Connecticut]]''   
* [[John A. Rockwell]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''   
* [[Julius Rockwell]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Julius Rockwell]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
* [[James Dixon Roman|J. Dixon Roman]], ''[[Maryland]]''   
* [[James Dixon Roman|J. Dixon Roman]], ''[[Maryland (U.S. state)|Maryland]]''   
* [[Joseph M. Root]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Joseph M. Root]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Robert L. Rose]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Robert L. Rose]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[David Rumsey (New York)|David Rumsey, Jr.]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[David Rumsey (New York)|David Rumsey, Jr.]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
:'''S-T-U-V'''     
:'''S-T-U-V'''     
* [[Robert C. Schenck]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Robert C. Schenck]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Augustine Henry Shepperd|Augustine H. Shepperd]], ''[[North Carolina]]''   
* [[Augustine Henry Shepperd|Augustine H. Shepperd]], ''[[North Carolina (U.S. state)]]''   
* [[Eliakim Sherrill]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Eliakim Sherrill]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Peter H. Silvester]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Peter H. Silvester]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[John I. Slingerland]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[John I. Slingerland]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Caleb Blood Smith|Caleb B. Smith]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[Caleb Blood Smith|Caleb B. Smith]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Truman Smith]], ''[[Connecticut]]''   
* [[Truman Smith]], ''[[Connecticut (U.S. state)|Connecticut]]''   
* [[Daniel B. St. John]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Daniel B. St. John]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Alexander Stephens|Alexander H. Stephens]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Alexander Stephens|Alexander H. Stephens]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Andrew Stewart (1791-1872)|Andrew Stewart]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Andrew Stewart (1791-1872)|Andrew Stewart]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Strohm (congressman)|John Strohm]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[John Strohm (congressman)|John Strohm]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Frederick A. Tallmadge]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Frederick A. Tallmadge]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[John L. Taylor]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[John L. Taylor]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
* [[Bannon Goforth Thibodeaux|Bannon G. Thibodeaux]], ''[[Louisiana]]''   
* [[Bannon Goforth Thibodeaux|Bannon G. Thibodeaux]], ''[[Louisiana (U.S. state)|Louisiana]]''   
* [[John Burton Thompson|John B. Thompson]], ''[[Kentucky]]''   
* [[John Burton Thompson|John B. Thompson]], ''[[Kentucky (U.S. state)|Kentucky]]''   
* [[Richard W. Thompson]], ''[[Indiana]]''   
* [[Richard W. Thompson]], ''[[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]''   
* [[Patrick W. Tompkins]], ''[[Mississippi]]''   
* [[Patrick W. Tompkins]], ''[[Mississippi (U.S. state)|Mississippi]]''   
* [[Robert Toombs|Robert A. Toombs]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[Robert Toombs|Robert A. Toombs]], ''[[Georgia]]''   
* [[John Van Dyke]], ''[[New Jersey]]''   
* [[John Van Dyke]], ''[[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]]''   
* [[Samuel Finley Vinton|Samuel F. Vinton]], ''[[Ohio]]''   
* [[Samuel Finley Vinton|Samuel F. Vinton]], ''[[Ohio (U.S. state)|Ohio]]''   
:'''W-X-Y-Z'''     
:'''W-X-Y-Z'''     
* [[Cornelius Warren]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Cornelius Warren]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Hugh White (New York)|Hugh White]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[Hugh White (New York)|Hugh White]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[James Wilson II (New Hampshire)|James Wilson]], ''[[New Hampshire]]''   
* [[James Wilson II (New Hampshire)|James Wilson]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Robert Charles Winthrop|Robert C. Winthrop]], ''[[Massachusetts]]''   
* [[Robert Charles Winthrop|Robert C. Winthrop]], ''[[Massachusetts (U.S. state)|Massachusetts]]''   
|}
|}
      
      
Line 1,350: Line 1,351:
|- valign=top   
|- valign=top   
|       
|       
* [[Lewis Charles Levin| Lewis C. Levin]], ''[[Pennsylvania]]''   
* [[Lewis Charles Levin| Lewis C. Levin]], ''[[Pennsylvania (U.S. state)|Pennsylvania]]''   
|}
|}
      
      
Line 1,357: Line 1,358:
|- valign=top   
|- valign=top   
|       
|       
* [[George Petrie (New York)| George Petrie]], ''[[New York]]''   
* [[George Petrie (New York)| George Petrie]], ''[[New York (disambiguation)|New York]]''   
* [[Robert Smith (Illinois)|Robert Smith]], ''[[Illinois]]''   
* [[Robert Smith (Illinois)|Robert Smith]], ''[[Illinois (U.S. state)]]''   
  |}
  |}
    
    
Line 1,365: Line 1,366:
|- valign=top   
|- valign=top   
|       
|       
* [[Amos Tuck]], ''[[New Hampshire]]''   
* [[Amos Tuck]], ''[[New Hampshire (U.S. state)|New Hampshire]]''   
|}
|}


Line 1,400: Line 1,401:
:'''Senate'''
:'''Senate'''
*[[Secretary of the United States Senate| Secretary of the Senate]]:
*[[Secretary of the United States Senate| Secretary of the Senate]]:
** [[Asbury Dickens]] of [[North Carolina]] elected December 12, 1836.
** [[Asbury Dickens]] of [[North Carolina (U.S. state)]] elected December 12, 1836.
*[[Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate| Sergeant at Arms of the Senate]]:  
*[[Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate| Sergeant at Arms of the Senate]]:  
** [[Robert Beale]] of [[Virginia]], elected December 9, 1845.
** [[Robert Beale]] of [[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]], elected December 9, 1845.
*[[Chaplain of the United States Senate| Chaplain of the Senate]]
*[[Chaplain of the United States Senate| Chaplain of the Senate]]
** [[Henry Slicer| The Rev. Henry Slicer]], [[Methodism| ''Methodist'']], elected December 16, 1846.
** [[Henry Slicer| The Rev. Henry Slicer]], [[Methodism| ''Methodist'']], elected December 16, 1846.
Line 1,408: Line 1,409:
:'''House of Representatives'''
:'''House of Representatives'''
*[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives| Clerk of the House]]:
*[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives| Clerk of the House]]:
** [[Thomas J. Campbell]] of [[Tennessee]] elected December 7, 1847.
** [[Thomas J. Campbell]] of [[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]] elected December 7, 1847.
*[[Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives| Sergeant at Arms of the House]]:  
*[[Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives| Sergeant at Arms of the House]]:  
** [[Nathan Sergeant]] of [[Vermont]], elected December 7, 1847.
** [[Nathan Sergeant]] of [[Vermont (U.S. state)|Vermont]], elected December 7, 1847.
*[[Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives| Doorkeeper of the House]]:  
*[[Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives| Doorkeeper of the House]]:  
** [[Robert E. Horner]] of [[New Jersey]], elected December 7, 1847.
** [[Robert E. Horner]] of [[New Jersey (U.S. state)|New Jersey]], elected December 7, 1847.
*[[Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives| Postmaster of the House]]:  
*[[Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives| Postmaster of the House]]:  
** [[John M. Johnson]] of [[Virginia]], elected December 7, 1847.
** [[John M. Johnson]] of [[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]], elected December 7, 1847.
*[[Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives| Chaplain of the House]]
*[[Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives| Chaplain of the House]]
** [[Ralph Gurley| The Rev. Ralph Gurley]], [[Presbyterianism| Presbyterian]], elected December 6, 1847.
** [[Ralph Gurley| The Rev. Ralph Gurley]], [[Presbyterianism| Presbyterian]], elected December 6, 1847.
|}
|}


===Notes===
==References==
<references />
{{reflist}}
 
===References===
*{{cite book| title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress| last = Martis| first = Kenneth C.| authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company| location = New York| id =}}
*{{cite book| title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts| last = Martis| first = Kenneth C.| authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company| location = New York| id =}}
 
===External links===
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875]
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
*[http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
*[http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History]
*[http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists]


[[Category: United States Congresses |030]]
[[Category:Reviewed Passed]]

Revision as of 11:26, 10 March 2024

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United States Capitol

The Thirtieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1847 to March 3, 1849, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President James K. Polk.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Whig majority.

Dates of sessions

March 4, 1847 - March 3, 1849

  • First session: December 6, 1847 - August 14, 1848.
  • Second session: December 4, 1848 - March 3, 1849.
  • Previous congress: 29th Congress
  • Next congress: 31st Congress

Party summary

Wisconsin was newly admitted to the Union and first represented as a state in this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

TOTAL members: 60

House of Representatives

TOTAL members: 230

Leadership

Senate
House of Representatives

Major events

Events of 1847, 1848 & 1849

Major legislation

List of United States federal legislation in the 30th Congress

Membership highlights by chamber

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.

Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
Wisconsin

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
Wisconsin [1]

Delegates

Wisconsin Territory

Membership detail by state

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Arkansas

Senate
House of Representatives (1 seat)

Connecticut

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Delaware

Senate
House of Representatives (1 seat)

Florida

Senate
House of Representatives (1 seat)

Georgia

Senate
House of Representatives (8 seats)

Illinois

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Indiana

Senate
House of Representatives (10 seats)

Iowa

Senate
  • 3: Augustus C. Dodge]] (1812-1883), Democratic …newly admitted state, seated December 7, 1848.
  • 2: George W. Jones (1804-1896), Democratic …newly admitted state, seated December 7, 1848.

House of Representatives

Kentucky

Senate
House of Representatives (10 seats)

Louisiana

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Maine

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Maryland

Senate
House of Representatives (6 seats)

Massachusetts

Senate
House of Representatives (10 seats)

Michigan

Senate
House of Representatives (3 seats)

Mississippi

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Missouri

Senate
House of Representatives (5 seats)

New Hampshire

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

New Jersey

Senate
House of Representatives (5 seats)

New York

Senate
House of Representatives (34 seats)

North Carolina

Senate
House of Representatives (9 seats)

Ohio

Senate
House of Representatives (21 seats)

Pennsylvania

Senate
House of Representatives (24 seats)

Rhode Island

Senate
House of Representatives (2 seats)

South Carolina

Senate
House of Representatives (7 seats)

Tennessee

Senate
House of Representatives (11 seats)

Texas

Senate
House of Representatives (2 seats)

Vermont

Senate
House of Representatives (4 seats)

Virginia

Senate
House of Representatives (15 seats)

Wisconsin

Senate
House of Representatives (2 seats) [2]

Delegates

Wisconsin Territory

Membership detail by Chamber/Party

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

Democratic
A-F
G-L
M-R
S-Z
Whig
A-F
G-R
S-Z
Independent Democratic

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

Democratic

A-B-C
D-E-F
G-H-I
J-K-L
M-N-O
P-Q-R
S-T-U-V
W-X-Y-Z

Whig

A-B-C
D-E-F
G-H-I
J-K-L
M-N-O
P-Q-R
S-T-U-V
W-X-Y-Z

American

Independent Democratic

Independent

Membership Changes

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate
  • replacements: 11
  • deaths: 5
  • resignations: 6
  • interim appointments: 2
  • seats of newly admitted states: 4
  • Total seats with changes: ??
House of Representatives
  • replacements: 10
  • deaths: 7
  • resignations: 0
  • contested election: 1
  • seats of newly admitted states: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 12

Officers

Senate
House of Representatives

References

  1. Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
  2. Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.