Angiotensin II receptor antagonist: Difference between revisions
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'''Angiotensin II receptor antagonists'', also called '''Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers''' ('''ARBs''') are "agents that antagonize angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Included are angiotensin II analogs such as saralasin and biphenylimidazoles such as losartan. Some are used as antihypertensive agents."<ref>{{MeSH|Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers}}</ref> | '''Angiotensin II receptor antagonists'', also called '''Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers''' ('''ARBs''') are "agents that antagonize [[Angiotensin receptor|angiotensin II type 1 receptor]]. Included are angiotensin II analogs such as saralasin and biphenylimidazoles such as losartan. Some are used as antihypertensive agents."<ref>{{MeSH|Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers}}</ref> | ||
Inhibition of the [[renin-angiotensin system]] is used to treat [[hypertension]], [[heart failure]], and [[chronic kidney disease]]. | |||
==Mechanism of action== | ==Mechanism of action== | ||
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==Adverse effects== | ==Adverse effects== | ||
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists can cause [[hyperkalemia]]. The rise in potassium has been reported to be both similar to<ref> The ONTARGET Investigators. 2008. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/358/15/1547 Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in Patients at High Risk for Vascular Events]. N Engl J Med 358, no. 15:1547-1559.</ref> and less that occurs with [[angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor]]s.<ref name="pmid11044229">{{cite journal |author=Bakris GL, Siomos M, Richardson D, ''et al'' |title=ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure. VAL-K Study Group |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=2084–92 |year=2000 |pmid=11044229 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00381.x}}</ref> A newer factorial randomized controlled trial has compared these drugs.<ref>Mann et al. 2008. Lancet [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608612362/abstract Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial]</ref> | Angiotensin II receptor antagonists can cause [[hyperkalemia]]. The rise in potassium has been reported to be both similar to<ref> The ONTARGET Investigators. 2008. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/358/15/1547 Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in Patients at High Risk for Vascular Events]. N Engl J Med 358, no. 15:1547-1559.</ref> and less that occurs with [[angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor]]s.<ref name="pmid11044229">{{cite journal |author=Bakris GL, Siomos M, Richardson D, ''et al'' |title=ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure. VAL-K Study Group |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=2084–92 |year=2000 |pmid=11044229 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00381.x}}</ref> A newer factorial randomized controlled trial has compared these drugs.<ref>Mann et al. 2008. Lancet. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608612362/abstract Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial]</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 09:32, 15 August 2008
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, also called Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers ('ARBs) are "agents that antagonize angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Included are angiotensin II analogs such as saralasin and biphenylimidazoles such as losartan. Some are used as antihypertensive agents."[1]
Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.
Mechanism of action
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists block angiotensin II AT1 receptors, in contrast to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which block the conversion of angiotensin I to the hypertensive angiotensin II. Along with Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Randomized controlled trials have investigated the use of the two classes together for a synergistic effect, but have found increased adverse effects with no added benefit from their combination.[2]
Applications
These drugs are primarily antihypertensives. They may also be used to protect the kidneys.
Adverse effects
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists can cause hyperkalemia. The rise in potassium has been reported to be both similar to[3] and less that occurs with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.[4] A newer factorial randomized controlled trial has compared these drugs.[5]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ McMurray JJ (April 2008). "ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular disease--unbeatable?". N. Engl. J. Med. 358 (15): 1615–6. DOI:10.1056/NEJMe0801925. PMID 18378521. Research Blogging.
- ↑ The ONTARGET Investigators. 2008. Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in Patients at High Risk for Vascular Events. N Engl J Med 358, no. 15:1547-1559.
- ↑ Bakris GL, Siomos M, Richardson D, et al (2000). "ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure. VAL-K Study Group". Kidney Int. 58 (5): 2084–92. DOI:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00381.x. PMID 11044229. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Mann et al. 2008. Lancet. Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial