Welcome to Citizendium: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>David Tribe
No edit summary
(removing "Ready for reading" for now)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__  
__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__
<!--<div style="height:1em"></div>-->
{|
{|
|-
|[[Image:logo400gr.jpg|left]]
|width=35px|
|
|
{|style="border: solid 5px #736AFF; margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
=== '''Help Write Articles about our World''' ===
|-
 
!''Not yet a Citizen?''
Welcome to '''Citizendium''', a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their '''real names'''.  We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject.  Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive.  Read more about <big>'''[[CZ:About|who we are]]'''</big>.
[http://www.citizendium.org/cfa.html Join here.]
 
----
 
See '''<big>[[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]</big>'''&mdash;an overview of articles being worked on ''now''.
 
===='''Become a member--it's free!'''====
* '''[[Help:Index/Join|Join this wiki]]'''.
* [[CZ:How to start a new_article|Start a new article]] or improve [[CZ:Workgroups|existing articles]]
** [[CZ:Quick Start|Quick Start]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[CZ:How to collaborate|How to collaborate]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[CZ:How To|How to format pages]]
* Read our policies on [[CZ:Content_Policy|content]], [[CZ:Objectivity Guidance|objectivity]], and [[CZ:Policy_on_Self-Promotion|no self-promotion or PR]].
* For [[CZ:Introduction_to_CZ_for_Wikipedians|Wikipedians]]
* Browse articles by Workgroup:
<small><b>
{|style="width:90%; border: solid 1px #f0e6ed; background: #fff5d1; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 1px;"
|-
| [[:Category:Agriculture Workgroup|Agriculture]]
| [[:Category:Earth Sciences Workgroup|Earth Sciences]]
| [[:Category:Journalism Workgroup|Journalism]]
| [[:Category:Physics Workgroup|Physics]]
|-
| [[:Category:Anthropology Workgroup|Anthropology]]
| [[:Category:Economics Workgroup|Economics]]
| [[:Category:Law Workgroup|Law]]
| [[:Category:Politics Workgroup|Politics]]
|-
| [[:Category:Archaeology Workgroup|Archaeology]]
| [[:Category:Education Workgroup|Education]]
| [[:Category:Library and Information Science Workgroup|Library & Info. Sci.]]
| [[:Category:Psychology Workgroup|Psychology]]
|-
| [[:Category:Architecture Workgroup|Architecture]]
| [[:Category:Engineering Workgroup|Engineering]]
| [[:Category:Linguistics Workgroup|Linguistics]]
| [[:Category:Religion Workgroup|Religion]]
|-
| [[:Category:Astronomy Workgroup|Astronomy]]
| [[:Category:Food Science Workgroup|Food Science]] 
| [[:Category:Literature Workgroup|Literature]]
| [[:Category:Robotics Workgroup|Robotics]]
|-
| [[:Category:Biology Workgroup|Biology]]
| [[:Category:Games Workgroup|Games]]
| [[:Category:Mathematics Workgroup|Mathematics]]
| [[:Category:Sociology Workgroup|Sociology]]
|-
| [[:Category:Business Workgroup|Business]]
| [[:Category:Geography Workgroup|Geography]]
| [[:Category:Media Workgroup|Media]]
| [[:Category:Sports Workgroup|Sports]]
|-
| [[:Category:Chemistry Workgroup|Chemistry]]
| [[:Category:Health Sciences Workgroup|Health Sciences]]
| [[:Category:Military Workgroup|Military]]
| [[:Category:Theater Workgroup|Theater]]
|-
| [[:Category:Classics Workgroup|Classics]]
| [[:Category:History Workgroup|History]] 
| [[:Category:Music Workgroup|Music]]
| [[:Category:Topic Informant Workgroup|Topic Informant]]
|-
| [[:Category:Computers Workgroup|Computers]]
| [[:Category:Hobbies Workgroup|Hobbies]]
| [[:Category:Philosophy Workgroup|Philosophy]]
| [[:Category:Visual Arts Workgroup|Visual Arts]]
|}
</b></small>
<br>
{| align=center style="width:90%; background-color: #80FF80; border: solid 3px #40FF40; padding: 2px;"  
|- align=center
|style="background-color:#40FF40;"|'''<span>Please help today!</span>'''
|-align=center
|'''<big>Please [[CZ:Donate|make your donations here]].</big>'''<br/>Donations go to keep our servers running. See our [[CZ:Financial report|financial report]].  
|}
|}
<br />
{| align=center style="width:70%; background-color: #f7f7a6; border: solid 3px #f2e0de; padding: 2px;" 
|- align=center
|style="background-color:#e8edd6;"|'''<span>New Blog Post</span>'''
|-align=center
|'''<big>[https://driftingharbor.wordpress.com/2022/12/16/why-save-citizendium-my-reason-number-1/ Why save Citizendium? My reason number 1.]</big>'''<br/>
|}
|}
{|style="width:100%; border: solid 1px #4682b4; background:#FFFFCC; "
|-
| style="border: solid 1px #4682b4; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 5px; background:#FFFFE0 " colspan = "3" |
;<span><big>Welcome to the ''Citizendium'' Pilot Project!</big></span>
The ''Citizendium'' ([http://www.citizendium.org/cit.mp3 sit-ih-ZEN-dee-um]), a "citizens' compendium of everything," is an experimental new wiki project.  The project, started by a founder of Wikipedia, aims to improve on ''that'' model by adding “gentle expert oversight” ''and'' requiring contributors to use their real names.


As of February 2, 2007, we were working on '''[[:Category:CZ Live|over 1,000 articles]].'''
<blockquote>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
</blockquote>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


'''[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/02/14/1314235 Welcome, Slashdot.]'''


<font color=800000>Note:</font> in our first several months we were aiming to [[software fork|fork]] Wikipedia.  We have decided, experimentally and provisionally, not to do so after all.  That's why there are so many <u><font color=red>red links</font></u>.  You can click on those red links and start a new article! 
While these new articles can be borrowed from Wikipedia, if they are [[CZ:WP2CZ|modified according to the Citizendium style]], we encourage contributors to start from scratch.  See [http://blog.citizendium.org/2007/01/18/bye-bye-to-wikipedia-articles-hello-to-our-own-work/ this blog post] for more information.
|- valign="top"


| style="border: solid 1px #4682b4; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 5px; width:30%; background:#FFFAF0"|
;<span>[[:Category:CZ Live|Browse articles alphabetically]]</span>
The list is constantly growing.


| style="border: solid 1px #4682b4; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 5px; width:30; background:#FFFAF0" |
;<span>[[:Category:Approved Articles|Approved articles]]</span>
Some of Citizendium's finest.  <small>([[CZ:Approval Process|about]])</small>


| style=" width:40%; border: solid 1px #4682b4; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 5px; background:#FFFFE0" rowspan = "3" |
;<span>Disciplines </span>
Citizendium personnel are informally divided up into [[CZ:Discipline Workgroups|discipline workgroups]].  Workgroup's homepages are at &Phi;.  The articles corresponding to workgroup names are good places to look for important articles to edit, and we want these articles themselves to be excellent as well.


:'''Natural Science'''
:[[Astronomy]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Astronomy Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Biology]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Biology Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Chemistry]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Chemistry Workgroup|&Phi;]] -  [[Computers|Computers]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Computers Workgroup|&Phi;]] -  [[Earth Sciences]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Earth Sciences Workgroup|&Phi;]] -  [[Engineering]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Engineering Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Health Sciences]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Health Sciences Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Mathematics]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Mathematics Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Physics]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Physics Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Citizendium_Pilot:Other Natural Science Workgroup|Other]]


:'''Social Sciences'''
:[[Anthropology]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Anthropology Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Archaeology]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Archaeology Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Economics]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Economics Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Education]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Education Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Countries of the world]] - [[Geography]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Geography Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Law]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Law Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Linguistics]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Linguistics Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Politics]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Politics Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Psychology]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Psychology Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Sociology]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Sociology Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[CZ:Other Social Science Workgroup|Other]]


:'''Humanities'''
:[[Classics]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Classics Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[History]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:History Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Literature]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Literature Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Philosophy]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Philosophy Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Religion]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Religion Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Citizendium_Pilot:Other Humanities Workgroup|Other]]


:'''Arts'''
:[[Architecture]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Architecture Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Music]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Music Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Theater]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Theater Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Visual Arts]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Visual Arts Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Citizendium_Pilot:Other Arts Workgroup|Other]]


:'''Applied Arts'''
:[[Agriculture]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Agriculture Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Business]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Business Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Healing Arts]] [[CZ:Healing Arts Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Journalism]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Journalism Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Library and Information Science]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Library and Information Science Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Media]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Media Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Military]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Military Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Citizendium_Pilot:Other Applied Arts Workgroup|Other]]


:'''Recreation'''
:[[Games]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Games Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Hobbies]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Hobbies Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Sports]] [[Citizendium_Pilot:Sports Workgroup|&Phi;]] - [[Citizendium_Pilot:Other Recreation Workgroup|Other]]


|-
| style="border: solid 1px #4682b4; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 5px; background:#FFFFFF" colspan = "2" |
;<span>Welcome section</span>
* For contributors: [[Citizendium_Pilot:How_to_get_started_with_the_Citizendium_pilot|How to get started with the ''Citizendium'' pilot]]
* For readers: [[CZ:About|About the ''Citizendium'']]


Hint: look to the left for other important links.


For technical problems:
* You might need to [http://www.citizendium.org/cfa.html get a contributor account] if you don't have one.
* If you get an odd error message, do a "hard refresh" (ctrl-F5 in Windows) of the page you're trying to view.
* If you are still having trouble, mail [mailto:personnel@citizendium.org personnel@citizendium.org] immediately.


|- valign="top"
|rowspan=2 style="width:50%; border:1px solid #e9e9e9; border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin:0; padding:0; background:#fafafa; background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); vertical-align:top; -moz-border-radius:0 10px 10px;  -webkit-border-radius:10px;  -webkit-border-top-left-radius:0; -moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding;"|
| style="border: solid 1px #4682b4; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 5px; background:#F0F8FF" |  
{|cellspacing=0 style="width:100%; padding:0; margin:0; background:transparent;"
;<span>Our project</span>
|-
* [[CZ:Project Home|Project Home!]]
|valign=top style="padding:1em 1em 0.75em;"|
* [[CZ:Project Home#Policy|Project Policy]]  
<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
* For notices to people working on this wiki, see [[CZ:Notice Board|the notice board]].
<p style="line-height:21px; padding-left:20px;">
* For news, use [http://blog.citizendium.org the Citizendium Blog.]
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
* For discussion, use [http://forum.citizendium.org the Citizendium Forums.]
[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
* For community-wide announcements, ''feel free'' to use [https://lists.purdue.edu/mailman/listinfo/citizendium-l Citizendium-L.]
[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
* For editors' announcements to other editors, ''feel free'' to use [https://lists.purdue.edu/mailman/listinfo/citizendium-editors Citizendium-Editors.]
[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
* Have questions?  [http://forum.citizendium.org/index.php?action=post;board=18.0 Ask here.]
<small>([[:Category:CZ Live|{{PAGESINCAT:CZ Live}} total articles]])</small>
</p>
|style="vertical-align:top; overflow:hidden; padding:0 0 1em;"|
{{CZ:Quote}}
<br>


| style="border: solid 1px #4682b4; margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 5px; background:#F0F8FF" |
{{-}}
;<span>Our contributors</span>
|-
The ''Citizendium'' is like a lively [http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar bazaar], with [[:Category:CZ_Authors|authors]] and expert [[:Category:CZ_Editors|editors]] doing vigorous trade in words.  Editors do not give top-down orders; they offer the occasional word of direction or advice, and can approve articles in their areas of expertise.  [[:Category:CZ_Constables|Constables]], who are barely needed in our very friendly community, ensure everything runs smoothly.  These are all volunteers, contributing their time, energy, and professional expertise in support of a shared vision.
|valign=top style="padding:0 1em 0.5em;" colspan=2|
<h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;">
<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>
</h3>
{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
|}
|}
 
<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>
[[Category:CZ Live]]

Latest revision as of 19:28, 18 February 2024

Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive. Read more about who we are.


See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

Agriculture Earth Sciences Journalism Physics
Anthropology Economics Law Politics
Archaeology Education Library & Info. Sci. Psychology
Architecture Engineering Linguistics Religion
Astronomy Food Science Literature Robotics
Biology Games Mathematics Sociology
Business Geography Media Sports
Chemistry Health Sciences Military Theater
Classics History Music Topic Informant
Computers Hobbies Philosophy Visual Arts


Please help today!
Please make your donations here.
Donations go to keep our servers running. See our financial report.


New Blog Post
Why save Citizendium? My reason number 1.





















Article counts

Citable Articles (145)
Developed Articles (1,143)
Developing Articles (7,878)
Stubs (7,959)
(17,243 total articles)

No man is wise enough by himself.
Titus Maccius Plautus (254 BC - 184 BC), Miles Gloriosus
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: Telephone newspaper/Citable Version

1901 photograph of a stentor (announcer) at the Budapest Telefon Hirmondó.
Telephone newspaper is a general term for the telephone-based news and entertainment services which were introduced beginning in the 1890s, and primarily located in large European cities. These systems were the first example of electronic broadcasting, and offered a wide variety of programming, however, only a relative few were ever established. Although these systems predated the invention of radio, they were supplanted by radio broadcasting stations beginning in the 1920s, primarily because radio signals were able to cover much wider areas with higher quality audio.

History

After the electric telephone was introduced in the mid-1870s, it was mainly used for personal communication. But the idea of distributing entertainment and news appeared soon thereafter, and many early demonstrations included the transmission of musical concerts. In one particularly advanced example, Clément Ader, at the 1881 Paris Electrical Exhibition, prepared a listening room where participants could hear, in stereo, performances from the Paris Grand Opera. Also, in 1888, Edward Bellamy's influential novel Looking Backward: 2000-1887 foresaw the establishment of entertainment transmitted by telephone lines to individual homes.

The scattered demonstrations were eventually followed by the establishment of more organized services, which were generally called Telephone Newspapers, although all of these systems also included entertainment programming. However, the technical capabilities of the time meant that there were limited means for amplifying and transmitting telephone signals over long distances, so listeners had to wear headphones to receive the programs, and service areas were generally limited to a single city. While some of the systems, including the Telefon Hirmondó, built their own one-way transmission lines, others, including the Electrophone, used standard commercial telephone lines, which allowed subscribers to talk to operators in order to select programming. The Telephone Newspapers drew upon a mixture of outside sources for their programs, including local live theaters and church services, whose programs were picked up by special telephone lines, and then retransmitted to the subscribers. Other programs were transmitted directly from the system's own studios. In later years, retransmitted radio programs were added.

During this era telephones were expensive luxury items, so the subscribers tended to be the wealthy elite of society. Financing was normally done by charging fees, including monthly subscriptions for home users, and, in locations such as hotel lobbies, through the use of coin-operated receivers, which provided short periods of listening for a set payment. Some systems also accepted paid advertising.

Footnotes